先交待下开发环境：

  ：Windows 7

  版本：2.7.9

  Pip版本：6.1.1

  其他环境忽略

在windows下使用pip下载包，出现如下错误

 

Collecting xxxxxx
  Exception:
  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pip-6.0.8-py2.7.egg\pip\basecommand.py", line 232, in main
      status = self.run(options, args)
    File "D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pip-6.0.8-py2.7.egg\pip\commands\install.py", line 339, in run
      requirement_set.prepare_files(finder)
    File "D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pip-6.0.8-py2.7.egg\pip\req\req_set.py", line 333, in prepare_files
      upgrade=self.upgrade,
    File "D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pip-6.0.8-py2.7.egg\pip\index.py", line 305, in find_requirement
      page = self._get_page(main_index_url, req)
    File "D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pip-6.0.8-py2.7.egg\pip\index.py", line 783, in _get_page
      return HTMLPage.get_page(link, req, session=self.session)
    File "D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pip-6.0.8-py2.7.egg\pip\index.py", line 872, in get_page
      "Cache-Control": "max-age=600",
    File "D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pip-6.0.8-py2.7.egg\pip\_vendor\requests\sessions.py", line 473, in get
      return self.request('GET', url, **kwargs)
    File "D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pip-6.0.8-py2.7.egg\pip\download.py", line 365, in request
      return super(PipSession, self).request(method, url, *args, **kwargs)
    File "D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pip-6.0.8-py2.7.egg\pip\_vendor\requests\sessions.py", line 461, in request
      resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
    File "D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pip-6.0.8-py2.7.egg\pip\_vendor\requests\sessions.py", line 610, in send
      r.content
    File "D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pip-6.0.8-py2.7.egg\pip\_vendor\requests\models.py", line 730, in content
      self._content = bytes().join(self.iter_content(CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE)) or bytes()
    File "D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pip-6.0.8-py2.7.egg\pip\_vendor\requests\models.py", line 655, in generate
      for chunk in self.raw.stream(chunk_size, decode_content=True):
    File "D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pip-6.0.8-py2.7.egg\pip\_vendor\requests\packages\urllib3\response.py", line 256, in stream
      data = self.read(amt=amt, decode_content=decode_content)
    File "D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pip-6.0.8-py2.7.egg\pip\_vendor\requests\packages\urllib3\response.py", line 186, in read
      data = self._fp.read(amt)
    File "D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pip-6.0.8-py2.7.egg\pip\_vendor\cachecontrol\filewrapper.py", line 54, in read
      self.__callback(self.__buf.getvalue())
    File "D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pip-6.0.8-py2.7.egg\pip\_vendor\cachecontrol\controller.py", line 217, in cache_response
      self.serializer.dumps(request, response, body=body),
    File "D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pip-6.0.8-py2.7.egg\pip\download.py", line 268, in set
      return super(SafeFileCache, self).set(*args, **kwargs)
    File "D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pip-6.0.8-py2.7.egg\pip\_vendor\cachecontrol\caches\file_cache.py", line 83, in set
      with FileLock(name) as lock:
    File "D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pip-6.0.8-py2.7.egg\pip\_vendor\lockfile\mkdirlockfile.py", line 18, in __init__
      LockBase.__init__(self, path, threaded, timeout)
    File "D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pip-6.0.8-py2.7.egg\pip\_vendor\lockfile\__init__.py", line 189, in __init__
      hash(self.path)))
    File "D:\Python27\lib\ntpath.py", line 84, in join
      result_path = result_path + p_path
  UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xcb in position 0: ordinal not in range(128)

'UnicodeDecodeError'这个词已经暴露了这个问题是个编码问题

 

什么原因导致了这样的问题？在我的电脑上出现这个问题的原因是由于我的用户目录是中文的，pip在下载的时候调用了这样一行代码

temp_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp('-unpack', 'pip-')

pip把下载的临时文件存放在了用户临时文件中，这个目录一般是C:\Users\用户名\AppData\Local\Temp，目录名中有中文，显然ascii这种编码是不支持的

 

那问题要怎么解决呢？有两种方法解决：

1、把上面的temp_dir那段代码修改一个不包含中文的目录，修改这段代码的文件位置在D:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\pip-6.1.1-py2.7.egg\pip\download.py(位置由个人python安装目录决定)

2、修改编码为gbk，修改D:\Python27\Lib\ntpath.py(位置由个人python安装目录决定)文件中的def join(path, *paths)函数，在函数内第一行加入

# Join two (or more) paths.
def join(path, *paths):
    """Join two or more pathname components, inserting "\\" as needed."""
    reload(sys)
    sys.setdefaultencoding('gbk')
    result_drive, result_path = splitdrive(path)
    for p in paths:
        p_drive, p_path = splitdrive(p)
        if p_path and p_path[0] in '\\/':
            # Second path is absolute
            if p_drive or not result_drive:
                result_drive = p_drive
            result_path = p_path
            continue
        elif p_drive and p_drive != result_drive:
            if p_drive.lower() != result_drive.lower():
                # Different drives => ignore the first path entirely
                result_drive = p_drive
                result_path = p_path
                continue
            # Same drive in different case
            result_drive = p_drive
        # Second path is relative to the first
        if result_path and result_path[-1] not in '\\/':
            result_path = result_path + '\\'
        result_path = result_path + p_path
    ## add separator between UNC and non-absolute path
    if (result_path and result_path[0] not in '\\/' and
        result_drive and result_drive[-1:] != ':'):
        return result_drive + sep + result_path
    return result_drive + result_path

注意：

reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('gbk')

这两行代码是我后加入的

 

 

一切准备就绪，重新执行pip安装试试吧

 

总结：

1、据说python3的默认编码为'utf-8'，可能不存在这种问题，没有实际过

2、这次我直接修改了python和pip中的源码，体现了python是脚本语言的特性